Chapter 12

Light Cavalry Tables

The light cavalry gunnery tables are designed to develop and test the proficiency of individual, crew, and section gunnery techniques at the basic, intermediate, and advanced levels. The series of engagements on each table is intended to duplicate (within the safety and resource constraints of live-fire gunnery ranges) typical battlefield tasks under realistic conditions against likely target arrays. This chapter discusses the light cavalry gunnery tables for the M2 HB caliber .50 machine gun, the MK 19 40-mm grenade machine gun, and the TOW weapon system. It also discusses the qualification requirements for crews and sections, scoring procedures, standards, and allowable variations for these tables.

The light cavalry gunnery tables standardize the gunnery program for light cavalry units. These tables are consistent with the gunnery tables for heavier scout weapon systems, thus maintaining a consistent training standard between the light and heavy weapon systems.

Machine Gun Gunnery Program

OBJECTIVES

The machine gun gunnery program is designed to train scout crews, sections, and platoons to employ their weapon systems effectively in a combat environment. The program consists of four levels of training: preliminary, basic, intermediate, and advanced gunnery, which standardizes crew, section, and platoon qualification requirements.

PRELIMINARY GUNNERY TABLES

Preliminary gunnery trains and sustains individual tasks. Before conducting the basic, intermediate, or advanced gunnery tables, the TC and gunner must be proficient in individual and crew tasks. This proficiency is gained through specified elementary gunnery tasks and procedures, then demonstrated by the Gunnery Skills Test (GST) (see Appendix A, Test Administrative Guides and Criterion Scoring Checklists for the GST and Appendix B, TOW Gunnery Skills Test). Preliminary gunnery reinforces the skills necessary to determine range and lay on and track targets during good and limited-visibility conditions. Preliminary gunnery should consist of classroom instruction, target acquisition and range determination exercises, and a gunnery skills test.

PRELIMINARY GUNNERY CLASS

The preliminary gunnery class consists of--

• Weapons/ammunition characteristics and capabilities.
• Target acquisition.
• Range determination.
• Fire commands and crew duties.
• Engagement techniques.
• Gunnery tables and standards.
• Range operations.

TARGET ACQUISITION AND RANGE DETERMINATION EXERCISES

Target acquisition and range determination exercises are exercises in manipulation training designed to teach the gunners and TCs to rapidly lay on and track targets over any type of terrain. They develop the crew's ability to acquire and estimate range to a target.

GUNNERY SKILLS TEST

The GST evaluates the crew member’s ability to perform gunnery-related tasks. It does not replace tasks in the soldier’s manuals.

The GST is an evaluation tool with which the unit can determine readiness to move toward crew tasks and conduct live-fire gunnery to meet prescribed training levels. As a minimum, the appropriate tasks of the GST must be administered--

• Semiannually.
• When crew members change positions.
• Before gunnery qualification, unless the crew members qualified in their current vehicle positions within the past three months.

The GST is administered using tasks, conditions, and standards, as well as training evaluation guidelines and performance checklists. At no time will tasks be deleted from the GST; however, the commander may add tasks for a more comprehensive evaluation.

All members of the scout squad should take the test. The commander and gunner must achieve a GO on all tasks (appropriate for their weapon systems).

The GST should also be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the level and effectiveness of cross-training throughout the section.

LIGHT CAVALRY EVALUATION TABLES

The basic and intermediate light cavalry gunnery tables are used to train and evaluate a single firing crew. These tables take a single vehicle crew from the basic gunnery engagements on Table I through crew qualification on Table VIII. Basic gunnery trains crews to engage targets during good and poor visibility conditions and in NBC environments. The intermediate gunnery tables are natural extensions of the basic gunnery tables; these tables train vehicle teams to engage stationary and moving, single and multiple targets with HMMWV weapon systems during daylight and limited visibility, from stationary and moving vehicles.

Firing Tables I through IV is not mandatory, but is encouraged. These tables are conducted as the commander deems necessary for sustaining skills or training crews before firing the intermediate tables.

Vehicle teams must qualify on Table VIII A and B before moving to the advanced tables.

Tables IV, VIII, and X are qualification tables; all other tables are recommended for training in sequence.

The specific purpose for each gunnery table is as follows:

• Table I trains the gunner in the basic skills, such as zeroing the weapon and manipulating the weapon system. The M2 HB table uses paster targets. The MK 19 table uses the EST.
• Table II uses timed events (fired from a tripod) to train the gunner to apply all the fundamentals of gunnery, including zeroing, immediate action (if necessary), and burst control against stationary targets. Some tasks are fired under NBC conditions.
• Table III uses timed events to train the gunner to engage stationary targets under NBC conditions.
• Table IV is the basic qualification table. The gunner acquires and engages stationary and moving targets from a stationary platform for record fire.
• Table V trains the gunner to acquire and engage stationary and moving targets, both day and night. It also transitions the gunner from tripod firing to vehicle firing.
• Table VI is the first table that requires the HMMWV crew to fire full caliber ammunition from a stationary firing vehicle. These exercises are fired during the day and at night.
• Table VII teaches the HMMWV crew to engage moving and stationary targets during daylight and reduced visibility conditions from a stationary and moving firing vehicle.
• Table VIII is a marksmanship single-vehicle qualification table. This table evaluates the crew’s ability to properly acquire and engage targets during various firing conditions. This is not a tactical table.
• Table IX transitions the training from individual crews and gunners to sections. Crews are trained to acquire and engage targets with another crew (as a section). Use live ammunition, if available; use MILES if live ammunition is not available.
• Table X is the qualification exercise for sections. Table X is the same as Table IX, except that it must be fired using live ammunition.

GUNNERY PHASES AND VARIATIONS

There are two phases and two variations of the tables that may be used in a well-rounded light cavalry gunnery program.

Phases

Day firing (A tables) trains and tests the crew and section in rapid engagement and destruction of targets during daylight.

Night firing (B tables) trains and tests the crew and section in rapid engagement and destruction of targets at night and during other reduced visibility conditions.

Variations

Device-based (day/night) firing trains gunnery procedures and crew duties without expending live ammunition.

Dry firing is used to develop teamwork before live fire. It is also used to sustain skills when live fire is restricted. All tables except the qualification tables (Tables IV, VIII, and X) may be fired dry.

AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS

An evaluator critiques the entire crew and conducts an AAR after each table (day and night) for each crew. After-action feedback includes a discussion of actions executed during the conduct of the table. The crew evaluator must record engagement times for each task fired (even when computers are used).

TIMING PROCEDURES

The following explains the procedures for recording engagement times for each table, as well as for offensive and defensive engagements:

• Tables I through IV. For Tables I through IV, time starts when the evaluator announces "COMMENCE FIRING," and stops when all targets have been engaged or the evaluator announces "CEASE FIRE."
• Tables V through X. Performance (time) standards for each engagement on Tables V through X are based on an assessment of the simulated threat capability to kill the HMMWV. Time is determined as outlined; no variations are permitted.
• Target Exposure Time. Target exposure time for each task is listed on the scoresheet. Exposure time for day tasks is 50 seconds. Exposure time for night tasks is 60 seconds. Exposure time begins when a target is fully exposed.
• Target Engagement Time. Target engagement time begins when a target is fully exposed. Engagement time ends when a target is killed.
• Defilade Time. Defilade time is the time it takes the truck crew to move to a hull-down firing position during defensive engagements. Defilade time starts when the targets are fully exposed. Defilade time stops when the weapon system of the firing truck is unmasked, the truck stops, or the vehicle fires. During darkness, defilade time stops on the command "DRIVER STOP" or when the first round is fired. Maximum defilade time is 25 seconds. If the vehicle crew has not begun to move to the hull-down position after 25 seconds, record the actual time it takes the crew to reach a hull-down position. A maximum of 25 seconds will be subtracted from the last target engagement time. Crews may pull forward or back down more than once. Only a total of 25 seconds of defilade time will be subtracted. Target exposure time and target engagement time will continue to run if a vehicle returns to the defilade and the targets are still exposed. If a target malfunctions, defilade time will not be counted against the crew. When the target that malfunctioned is presented again, defilade time resumes.
• Offensive Engagements. In an offensive engagement (the firing vehicle is exposed in the open, on the move, or at a short halt), engagement time starts when a target is fully exposed. When the target array consists of more than one target, the targets must be presented simultaneously. Time begins when the first target is exposed. Time (total engagement time) stops when all targets are killed.
• Defensive Engagements. Engagement time starts when a target is fully exposed. Stop timing when all targets are destroyed or when target exposure time has elapsed. Defilade time is subtracted in the scoring procedures to reward the crew for the time they were not exposed.

ALIBIS

Battalion/squadron commanders are the deciding authority on alibis. All alibi engagements will be refired. Alibis will be given for the following conditions only:

• Range failures.
• Equipment failures that are not the result of crew error.
• Unsafe conditions not related to the firing vehicle or crew.

EVALUATION PROCEDURES--Tables II THROUGH V FOR THE M2 HB AND MK19

When evaluating Tables II through V for the M2 HB and MK 19, the evaluator rates crew duties as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. The evaluator will circle SAT or UNSAT in the crew duties column on the scoresheet. If a firing crew commits more than one crew error, the crew duties for that task are rated UNSAT. This rating will be discussed with the crew during the AAR; however, it will not affect the GO/NO-GO evaluation.

Crew errors include the following:

• 5 points--Improper fire command.
• 5 points--Incorrect engagement techniques (for example, engaging a least dangerous target before a most dangerous target).
• 5 points--Incorrect driving techniques (anything the driver does that impedes the firing task).
• 10 points--Firing before receiving the command to fire.
• Automatic 0-points--Failure to go to MOPP 4 during an NBC engagement.

EVALUATION PROCEDURES--TABLES VI THROUGH VIII FOR THE M2 HB AND MK 19

Task 1 of Table VI for the M2 HB and MK 19 is not scored. The remaining scored tasks for Tables VI and all tasks for Tables VII and VIII for the M2 HB and MK 19 have their own specific scoresheet; you must use the scoresheet for that specific task. The time/points column on the scoresheet for each task is based on the expected results of the engagements between the HMMWV, selected enemy targets, and the performance of the crew. The instructions below explain how to use the scoresheet for defensive and offensive tasks. Figure 12-1 and 12-2 show two examples of completed scoresheets for defensive tasks, and figure 12-3 shows an example of a completed scoresheet for an offensive task.

Figure 12-1. Sample Completed Scoresheet--Example 1.

Figure 12-2. Sample Completed Scoresheet--Example 2.

Figure 12-3. Sample Completed Scoresheet--Example 3.

Scoring Instructions for Defensive Tasks

1. Record the defilade time, engagement time, and target number on the appropriate space for each target engaged (the target number corresponds to the target number in the Conditions statement).

2. Record the last target engagement time on line (a).

3. Record the defilade time on line (b) (maximum 25 seconds).

4. Subtract the defilade time (b) from the last target engagement time (a), and record the results on line (c).

5. Record the number of targets killed on line (d).

6. Divide (c) by (d), round this number up or down to the nearest whole second (for example, 12.4 is rounded to 12 and 12.5 is rounded to 13), and enter the number on line (e); this is your target kill time.

7. Using the result from line (e), read down the "time" column to get the points for each kill (misses = 0).

8. Circle the target effect (K/M), and record the points on the line for each target killed (record a 0 for targets missed) for the task.

9. Add the points for all targets, and record the total points.

10. Divide the total points by the number of targets presented and round off to the next whole number (for example, 75.4 is rounded to 75 and 75.5 is rounded to 76).

11. Subtract crew duty penalties (crew cuts); the result is the crew score for that task.

Scoring Instructions for Offensive Tasks

1. Record the engagement time and target number on the appropriate space for each target engaged (the target number corresponds to the target number in the Conditions statement).

2. Record the last target engagement time on line (a).

3. Record the number of targets killed on line (b).

4. Divide (a) by (b), round this number up or down to the nearest whole second (for example, 12.4 is rounded to 12 and 12.5 is rounded to 13), and enter the number on line (c); this is your target kill time.

5. Using the result from line (c), read down the "time" column to get the points for each kill (misses = 0).

6. Circle the target effect (K/M), and record the points on the line for each target killed (record a 0 for targets missed) for the task.

7. Add the points for all targets, and record the total points.

8. Divide the total points by the number of targets presented and round off to the next whole number (for example, 75.4 is rounded to 75 and 75.5 is rounded to 76).

9. Subtract crew duty penalties (crew cuts); the result is the crew score for that task.

Scoring Considerations for Target Miss

If a crew fires at a target and misses, record that time in the engagement time block. If the crew reengages the same target without engaging another target, record that time in the next engagement time block for that target. If the second round was a target kill, record the target number and continue with the scoring procedures discussed above.

If the crew fires at a target and misses, then acquires and engages a different target prior to reengaging the missed target, record the engagement time and target number in the appropriate blocks for the target missed. Record the engagement time and target number for the second round. Continue with the scoring procedures as discussed above.

If the crew then reengages a missed target and achieves a target kill, record the engagement time and target number in the appropriate blocks. Continue with the scoring procedures as discussed above.

M2 HB Caliber .50 Basic Gunnery Tables

The M2 HB caliber .50 basic gunnery tables are used to train crews with the M2 HB caliber .50 machine gun.

SCORING

One point is given for each round impacting in each space for Table I. For tables II, III, and IV, one point is allowed for each target killed, with an additional bonus of two points when the target is killed with the first burst. The maximum score for Tables II, III, and IV is 33 points each; a minimum score of 23 points each must be obtained.

DA Form 7007-R (Machine Gun Scorecard for the M2) is used to record the gunner's performance on Tables I through IV. Maximum total score possible for Tables I through IV is 218 points. Gunners are classified according to their overall points earned:

• Expert--193 to 218.
• First Class--171 to 192.
• Second Class--151 to 170.
• Unskilled--150 and below.

An example of a completed scorecard is shown in Figure 12-4.

Figure 12-4. Sample Completed DA Form 7007-R (Machine Gun Scorecard for the M2).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE I--TEN-METER FIRING

Ten-meter firing exercises allow the gunner and commander to develop skills in the delivery of initial burst on target. They are also used to train the gunner and commander in the basic skills of zeroing, controlling bursts, traversing, and traversing and searching techniques. This table uses paster targets.

RANGE LAYOUT

The standard ten-meter range can accommodate a unit of 200 to 250 soldiers at a time (concurrent training may be required). This range (see Figure 12-5) may be used to--

• Zero the M2 machine guns.
• Fire the ten-meter portion of the tables.
• Familiarize soldiers with the characteristics, noise, and recoil of the weapon.
• Practice target observation, adjustment of fire, and traversing and searching.
• Develop speed and an accurate burst technique.

Figure 12-5. Ten-Meter Range Layout.

The ten-meter range should meet the following requirements:

• The firing line should be long enough to accommodate 20 machine guns with 3 meters between positions. Each position should be numbered.
• The target line should be 10 meters in front of the firing line. Paper targets should be pasted onto target cloth stretched over wooden frames. One target should be set up for each position and numbered to correspond with the position.
• The bleachers (to the rear of the firing line) should be set up for instruction of crews.
• The control tower should be located to the immediate rear and center of the firing line.

Each range should be staffed with the following personnel:

• OIC.
• Range safety officer (RSO).
• Primary instructor (PI).
• Assistant instructor (AI) for every ten students.
• MEDIC.
• Ammunition NCO.
• Tower operator.

Although more equipment may be required by local range regulations, safety regulations or unit SOPs, the minimum equipment required to operate the range is as follows:

• Public address system.
• Machine gun for each firing lane, and a backup for every five lanes.
• Cleaning rod for every AI.
• Scorecard per firer.
• Heat protective mitten for every two weapons (NSN 8415-01-092-0039).
• Tripod for each lane.
• Pindle for each lane.
• Traverse and elevation mechanism for each lane.
• Medical evacuation capability.
• Communication equipment (wire or radio as required by local range regulations or SOP).

TARGET ANALYSIS

Table I exercises use the basic machine gun target (FSN 6920-078-5128) (see Figure 12-6). This target consists of four sections lettered A, B, C, and D. Each section has four point targets numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, and two sets of area targets numbered 5 and 6 and 7 and 8. Each space is 4-cm wide and 5-cm high. The black aiming pasters within the numbered scoring spaces are 1-cm square.

Figure 12-6. Basic Machine Gun Target.

Firing at targets 1 through 4 allows the gunner to use the traverse fire technique; target groups 5 and 6 and 7 and 8 allow practice in traversing and searching techniques.

Target group 5 and 6 exposes the gunner to traverse and elevation manipulation when using the tripod mount and body position changes to engage targets in depth (elbow position changes). It causes the gunner to use a series of aiming points to disperse fire across the target when using the tripod. Target group 7 and 8 exposes the gunner to position changes to engage linear targets with depth. It causes him to control the burst length from the weapon, use a series of aiming points, and disperse fire across the target.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE I

Tasks 1 through 4 are not scored.

Tasks 5 through 7 are scored. When scoring the ten-meter target, one point is given for each round impacting within a scoring space. Rounds touching the boundary of a scoring space are considered kills and are counted in one scoring space. (When firing with 28 rounds, the maximum score is 28 points.) The maximum score possible for Table I is 119 points.

Targets are analyzed and scored to determine the gunner's proficiency and to see if more training is needed in any of the fundamentals of machine gun gunnery. When firing with a properly zeroed weapon, a target is best analyzed by considering the common errors of gunnery (see Figure 12-7).

Figure 12-7. Common Errors on Machine Gun Targets.

A minimum of 29 points is required to pass the ten-meter course. Soldiers failing to achieve minimum standards should be retrained and retested in a dry-fire mode until proficiency is demonstrated.

Scores are recorded on DA Form 7007-R (see Figure 12-4, for an example of a completed scorecard).

Soldiers who fail Table I should refire the table with close supervision and coaching to ensure they understand the fundamentals of live fire before progressing to Table II (Transition Firing).

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point and issued to each assistant gunner as he is assigned a firing point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 236 rounds (117 for practice [Tasks 1 through 4] and 119 for gunner classification [Tasks 5 through 7]):

• Task 1--Twelve single rounds.
• Task 2--Two 7-round belts.
• Task 3--One 35-round belt.
• Task 4--One 56-round belt.
• Task 5--One 28-round belt.
• Task 6--One 56-round belt.
• Task 7--One 35-round belt.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

For ten-meter exercises fired on a multipurpose transition range, groups will be broken down to fit firing lanes. The course is designed to fire tripod-mounted machine guns. The basic machine gun target is used for all ten-meter firing. It allows four gunners to use it for practice, or two gunners for practice and two gunners for gunner classification.

The unit is organized into groups of ten. Each group is assigned a firing order number. One order becomes gunners and the other assistant gunners. The gunners and assistant gunners are then assigned lanes and required to set up their guns and perform pre-fire checks (in accordance with FM 23-65).

• Task 1--Zero an M2 HB machine gun.

- The gunner will fire three rounds, single shot, at Paster A1, then move down range to observe the shot group and triangulate it. No adjustments will be made at this time.
- The gunner will then fire another three single rounds at Paster A1, and go down range to observe the shot group, triangulate it, and make necessary adjustments to his weapon.
- The gunner will repeat these steps shooting at Paster A2.

• Task 2--Engage a target (controlled burst).

- The gunner will fire the first burst of five to seven rounds at Paster 3, then go down range to observe the target, mark the projectile holes, and analyze the burst.
- The gunner will then fire at Paster 4 of the same section, and repeat the procedure.

• Tasks 3 and 4--Engage a target (traverse and search).

- Using the traverse and search technique, the gunner will engage Pasters A5 and 6, firing a five- to seven-round burst for each paster, then move down range to observe and analyze the targets.

- Using the traverse and search technique, the gunner will engage Paster A7 and 8, firing a five- to seven-round burst at each paster, then move down range to observe and analyze the targets.

• Task 5--Engage a target (traverse).

- Using the traverse technique, the gunner will engage Pasters B1 through 4, firing a five- to seven-round burst at each paster, then move down range to observe and analyze the targets.

• Tasks 6 and 7--Engage a target (traverse and search).

- Using the traverse and search technique, the gunner will engage Paster B7 and 8, firing a five- to seven-round burst at each paster, then move down range to observe and analyze the targets.
- Using the traverse and search technique, the gunner will engage Pasters B5 and 6, firing a five- to seven-round burst at each paster, then move down range to observe and analyze the targets.

Figure 12-8. Sample Ten-Meter Firing Table (M2 HB Table I).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE II--TRANSITION FIRING

Table II teaches the gunner and commander to incorporate the different techniques of fire learned in preparatory gunnery training and ten-meter firing. Some exercises will be conducted in an NBC environment. The gunner will first field zero his weapon.

The objective of Table II is to make sure the gunner--

• Understands the characteristics of fire.
• Field zeros the machine gun.
• Uses range estimation to determine the distance to targets.
• Engages targets at long ranges with the tripod-mounted machine gun.
• Applies the method of adjusted point of aim.

RANGE LAYOUT

Tables II through IV are fired on a multipurpose machine gun transition range (see Figure 12-9).

Figure 12-9. Multipurpose Machine Gun Transition Range.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE II

Task 1 is not scored.

Tasks 2 through 8 are scored. One point is given for each target killed, and an additional bonus of two points is given if the target is killed with the first burst. The maximum score possible for this table is 33 points.

Scores are recorded on DA Form 7007-R (see Figure 12-4, for an example of a completed scorecard).

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 182 rounds:

• One 28-round belt.
• One 154-round belt.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

The unit is organized for transition firing the same as for ten-meter firing. Field zeroing is the first firing task of the transition day-fire course. All vehicle targets will be frontal BRDMs. Table II will be conducted with a single gunner using a tripod-mounted machine gun.

• Task 1--Zero an M2 HB machine gun.

- The gunner must first center the rear sight in the same manner as the sight setting for the ten-meter firing. He selects the appropriate range mark with his elevation knob.
- The gunner will load one 28-round belt of ammunition and fire a 5- to 7- round burst at the 550-meter, double silhouette.

- The gunner will observe the beaten zone and make adjustments to the sight so that the rounds will impact on the target.
- After adjustments are made, the gunner will re-lay on the center base of the target and fire another five- to seven-round burst.
- The gunner will repeat the steps with the remaining rounds.

• Tasks 2 through 8--Engage single and multiple targets at various ranges.

- The gunner will load a 154-round belt of ammunition and fire 5- to 7-round bursts at single and multiple targets (double-E silhouettes and vehicle targets) at various ranges.
- The gunner will observe the beaten zone and make adjustments, as necessary, to kill the targets.
- After the gunner completes firing, he will clear the weapon. The AI will critique the gunner's performance.

Figure 12-10. Sample Transition Firing Table (M2 HB Table II).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE III--NIGHT FIRING

On the modern battlefield, each soldier must be prepared to accomplish the mission during limited visibility and in degraded mode; therefore, limited visibility and degraded mode gunnery is an important part of our training and preparation for war.

This training is designed to make sure gunners and commanders know how to--

• Zero a night-vision device to the M2 HB machine gun.
• Detect targets using a night-vision device.
• Engage targets at different ranges using a night-vision device.

RANGE LAYOUT

Table III is fired on a multipurpose machine gun transition range (see Figure 12-9).

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE III

Task 1 is not scored.

Tasks 2 through 8 are scored. One point is given for each target killed and an additional 2-point bonus is given if the target is killed on the first burst. The maximum score possible for this table is 33 points.

Scores are recorded on DA Form 7007-R (see Figure 12-4, for an example of a completed scorecard).

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 180 rounds:

• Twelve single rounds.
• Two seven-round belts.
• One 154-round belt.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

Organizing a unit for night fire is the same as for day fire. Table III will be conducted with a single gunner using a tripod-mounted machine gun. All vehicle targets will be frontal BRDMs.

• Task 1--Zero a night-vision device to the M2 HB.

- The gunner must first mount the night-vision device and place it into operation. Once the device is mounted, the gunner will fire a five- to seven-round burst to seat the device, then fire another five- to seven-round burst to make sure the device is seated.
- The gunner must then center the reticle pattern in the field of view, place the reticle aiming point on the 50-meter target aiming point, and fire three single rounds.
- The gunner will observe the beaten zone and make adjustments to the sights so that the round will impact on the target.
- After adjustments are made, the gunner will fire another round at the target until zero is obtained.

• Tasks 2 through 8--Engage single and multiple targets at various ranges.

- The gunner will load a 154-round belt of ammunition and fire five- to seven-round bursts at single and multiple targets (double-E silhouettes and vehicle targets) at various ranges.
- The gunner will observe the beaten zone and make adjustments, as necessary, to kill the targets.
- After the gunner completes firing, he will clear the weapon. The AI will critique the gunner's performance.

Figure 12-11. Sample Night Firing Table (M2 HB Table III).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE IV--BASIC QUALIFICATION

Table IV (Basic Qualification) tests the gunner’s and commander’s ability to use different techniques of fire learned and practiced in the preliminary gunnery tables (Tables I through III). The gunner must field zero his weapon and incorporate the appropriate techniques for the conditions of each task. Some tasks will be conducted during limited visibility conditions or in an NBC environment.

RANGE LAYOUT

Table IV is fired on a multipurpose machine gun transition range (see Figure 12-9).

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE IV

Task 1 is not scored.

Tasks 2 through 8 are scored. One point is given for each target killed, and an additional bonus of two points is given if the target is killed on the first burst. The maximum score possible for this table is 33 points (11 targets at 3 points each); a minimum score of 23 points is required for basic qualification.

Scores are recorded on DA Form 7007-R (see Figure 12-4, for an example of a completed scorecard).

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 182 rounds:

• One 28-round belt.
• One 154-round belt.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

Organizing a unit for transition firing is the same as for night firing. Field zeroing is the first task of the day-fire phase. All vehicle targets will be frontal BRDMs. Table IV will be conducted with a single gunner using a tripod-mounted machine gun.

• Task 1--Zero an M2 HB machine gun.
• Tasks 2 through 8--Engage single and multiple targets at various ranges.

- The gunner will load a 154-round belt of ammunition and fire five- to seven-round bursts at single and multiple targets (double-E silhouettes and vehicle targets) at various ranges.
- The gunner will observe the beaten zone and make adjustments, as necessary, to kill the targets.
- After the gunner completes firing, he will clear the weapon. The AI will critique the gunner's performance.

Figure 12-12. Sample Basic Qualification Table (M2 HB Table IV).

M2 HB Caliber .50 Intermediate Gunnery Tables

These intermediate gunnery tables are natural extensions of the basic gunnery tables for the M2 HB caliber .50 machine gun. Vehicle teams must qualify on Tables VIIIA and B before moving to the advanced tables.

SCORING

On area target engagements (infantry squad, and RPG team), full credit is given when one round impacts in the target area within the time indicated in the task. On point target engagements (lightly armored vehicle targets, such as BRDMs, BTR-70s, and trucks), full credit is given when one round impacts on the target within the time indicated. The target array may be placed on line or in a wedge formation. Targets should not be more than 5 meters apart and will not extend beyond 30 meters in width or 20 meters in depth.

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE V--CREW PROFIENCY COURSE

Tables VA and B begin training on a stationary and moving vehicle. The crew develops teamwork while training the gunner to engage targets with speed and accuracy, and acquire and engage targets under NBC and normal conditions on a stationary and moving vehicle. These exercises are fired during the day and at night, using MILES with LTIDS.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE V

Tasks 1 through 4, Tables VA and B are scored. Within the allotted time per exercise, the gunner must engage and destroy each target to score GO on each task.

The crew must score GO on six of the eight graded tasks on Tables VA and B, combined.

Crew duties will be critiqued as SAT or UNSAT. Crew errors include the following:

• 5 points--Improper fire command.
• 5 points--Incorrect engagement techniques (for example, engaging a least dangerous target before a most dangerous target).
• 5 points--Incorrect driving techniques (anything the driver does that impedes the firing task).
• 10 points--Firing before receiving the command to fire.
• Automatic 0 points--Failure to go to MOPP 4 during an NBC engagement.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

The gunner acquires and engages moving and stationary targets from a stationary and moving vehicle. Target arrays are placed at ranges between 300 meters and 1,000 meters.

• Tasks 1 through 4, Tables VA and B--Engage moving and stationary targets from a stationary and moving vehicle.

ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

The commander may swing night tasks to the day if he does not have adequate night vision devices to sense rounds.

The commander may change the sequence of the tasks and may change the positioning of stationary PC targets from frontal to flank views. If MILES and LTIDS are not available, commanders may dry fire these tables.

Figure 12-14. Sample Crew Proficiency Course Table (Night)
(M2 HB Table VB).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE VI--CREW BASELINE

This table transitions the M2 HB gunner and commander from tripod firing to vehicle firing. It also trains the gunner to zero the M2 HB (both day and night), and acquire and engage single and multiple, moving and stationary targets from a stationary vehicle. These exercises are fired during the day and at night. Some exercises are fired in an NBC environment.

RANGE LAYOUT

Tables VI through VIII are fired on an MPTR, as depicted in Figure 12-15.

Figure 12-15. Multipurpose Training Range.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE VI

Task 1 on Tables VIA and VIB is not scored.

Tasks 2 through 4, Table VIA and Tasks 2 and 3, Table VIB are scored using separate scoresheets. Refer to scoresheet scoring instructions. Within the allotted time per exercise, the gunner must obtain the minimum kills per target to pass each task. A crew duty penalty is subtracted for each crew error; there are three possible 5-point penalties, one 10-point penalty, and one automatic zero-point penalty. A maximum crew duty penalty point deduction of 30 points can be assessed per engagement. Additional crew errors will not be deducted, they will be critiqued.

Crew duty penalty points are as follows:

• --5 points--Improper fire command.
• --5 points--Incorrect engagement techniques (for example, engaging a least dangerous target before a most dangerous target).
• --5 points--Incorrect driving technique (anything the driver does that impedes the firing task).
• --10 points--Firing before receiving the command to fire.
• --Automatic 0 points--Failure to go to MOPP 4 during an NBC engagement.

To qualify, the crew must score 70 points or greater on four of the five graded tasks on Tables VIA and B, one of which must be an NBC engagement.

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 191 rounds of mix:

• Table VIA: 115 rounds of mix.
• Table VIB: 76 rounds of mix.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

Table VIA will be fired during the day, and Table VIB should be fired at night. Using four and one mix ammunition, the gunner acquires and engages single, multiple, moving, and stationary targets from a stationary vehicle. Targets will be placed at ranges between 400 meters and 1,000 meters. An additional BRDM target is centered at 600 meters for weapon zero.

• Task 1--Zero an M2 HB machine gun (day and night engagements).

- The gunner must first center the rear sight in the same manner as the sight setting for the ten-meter firing. He selects the appropriate range mark with his elevation knob.
- The gunner will load one 15-round belt of ammunition and fire a 5- to 7-round burst at the BRDM target at 600 meters.

• Tasks 2 through 4, Table VIA and Tasks 2 and 3, Table VIB--Engage single and multiple, moving and stationary targets.

ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

The commander may swing night tasks to the day if he does not have adequate night vision devices to sense rounds.

The commander may use MILES, and change the sequence of tasks. The commander may change the positioning of stationary PC targets from frontal to flank views.

Figure 12-16. Sample Crew Baseline Table (Day) (M2 HB Table VIA).

Figure 12-17. Sample Crew Baseline Table (Night) (M2 HB Table VIB).

Figure 12-18. Sample Roll-up Sheet, Table VI (M2 HB).

Figure 12-19. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIA, Task 2 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-20. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIA, Task 3 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-21. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIA, Task 4 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-22. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIB, Task 2 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-23. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIB, Task 3 (Defense) (M2 HB).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE VII--PRACTICE FOR QUALIFICATION

This table trains the gunner and commander to acquire and engage single and multiple, moving and stationary targets from a stationary and moving vehicle. These exercises are fired during the day and at night. Some exercises are fired in an NBC environment. This table also prepares the crew for Table VIII qualification.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE VII

Tasks 1 through 4, Tables VIIA and B are scored using separate scoresheets. Refer to scoresheet scoring instructions. Within the allotted time per exercise, the gunner must obtain the minimum kills per target to pass each task. A crew duty penalty is subtracted for each crew error; there are three possible 5-point penalties, one 10-point penalty, and one automatic zero-point penalty. A maximum crew duty penalty point deduction of 30 points can be assessed per engagement. Additional crew errors will not be deducted, they will be critiqued.

Crew duty penalty points are as follows:

• --5 points--Improper fire command.
• --5 points--Incorrect engagement techniques (for example, engaging a least dangerous target before a most dangerous target).
• --5 points--Incorrect driving technique (anything the driver does that impedes the firing task).
• --10 points--Firing before receiving the command to fire.
• --Automatic 0 points--Failure to go to MOPP 4 during an NBC engagement.

To qualify, the crew must score 70 points or greater on six of eight graded tasks on Tables VIIA and VIIB combined, one of which must be an NBC engagement.

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 275 rounds of mix:

• Table VIIA: 125 rounds of mix.
• Table VIIB: 150 rounds of mix.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

Table VIIA will be fired during daylight. Table VIIB should be fired at night. Using four and one mix ammunition, the crew acquires and engages single and multiple, moving and stationary targets from a stationary and moving vehicle. Targets will be placed at ranges between 400 and 1,000 meters.

ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

The commander may swing night tasks to the day if he does not have adequate night vision devices to sense rounds.

The commander may use MILES, and change the sequence of tasks. The commander may change the positioning of stationary PC targets from frontal to flank views.

Figure 12-24. Sample Crew Practice Table (Day) (M2 HB Table VIIA).

Figure 12-25. Sample Crew Practice Table (Night) (M2 HB Table VIIB).

Figure 12-26. Sample Roll-up Sheet, Table VII (M2 HB Caliber .50).

Figure 12-27. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIA, Task 1 (Defense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-28. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIA, Task 2 (Offense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-29. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIA, Task 3 (Defense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-30. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIA, Task 4 (Offense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-31. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIB, Task 1 (Defense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-32. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIB, Task 2 (Offense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-33. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIB, Task 3 (Defense)(M2 HB).

Figure 12-34. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIIB, Task 4 (Offense)(M2 HB).

M2 HB CALIBER .50 TABLE VIII--INTERMEDIATE CREW QUALIFICATION

Table VIII is a marksmanship, single-vehicle qualification table. This table tests the crew's ability to zero a M2 HB caliber .50 machine gun, and employ direct fire to acquire and engage stationary and moving, area and point targets during various firing conditions. These tables are fired during the day and at night. This is not a tactical table; however, normal combat-oriented procedures, such as reporting, should be used. Some tasks are conducted in an NBC environment.

Truck crews must have qualified on the GST within the previous three months. The crew must fire Table VIIIA and B for qualification. As a minimum, the crew must achieve 420 points, and score at least 70 points on 6 of the 8 graded tasks to achieve a qualified rating. At least one task must be in an NBC environment.

SCORING PROCEDURE FOR TABLE VIII

All tasks are scored. Refer to scoresheet scoring instructions. Within the allotted time per exercise, the gunner must obtain the minimum kills per target to pass each task. A crew duty penalty is subtracted for each crew error; there are three possible 5-point penalties, one 10-point penalty, and one automatic zero-point penalty for crew errors. A maximum crew duty penalty point deduction of 30 points can be assessed per engagement. Additional crew errors will not be deducted, they will be critiqued.

Crew duty penalty points are as follows:

• --5 points--Improper fire command.
• --5 points--Incorrect engagement techniques (for example, engaging a least dangerous target before a most dangerous target).
• --5 points--Incorrect driving technique (anything the driver does that impedes the firing task).
• --10 points--Firing before receiving the command to fire.
• --Automatic 0 points--Failure to go to MOPP 4 during an NBC engagement.

Crew ratings are determined using the following conditions:

• Distinguished: Combined score of at least 674 points on Tables VIIIA and B, and 6 of 8 tasks must have at least 70 points.
• Superior: Combined score of 547 to 673 points on Tables VIIIA and B, and 6 of 8 tasks must have at least 70 points.
• Qualified: Combined score of 420 to 546 points on Tables VIIIA and B, and 6 of 8 tasks must have at least 70 points.
• Unqualified: Combined score of 419 points or less on Tables VIIIA and B, or 3 of 8 tasks have 69 points or less.

AMMUNITION ISSUE

The ammunition for this exercise will be broken down at the ammunition point. The total ammunition for this exercise is 250 rounds of mix:

• Table VIIIA: 125 rounds of mix.
• Table VIIIB: 125 rounds of mix.

CONDUCT OF FIRE

Table VIIIA will be fired during daylight and Table VIIIB should be fired at night. Using four and one mix ammunition, the crew will acquire and engage single and multiple, moving and stationary targets. Targets will be placed at ranges between 400 and 1,000 meters.

ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

The commander may swing night tasks to the day if he does not have adequate night vision devices to sense rounds.

The commander may change the sequence of tasks and the positioning of stationary PC targets from frontal to flank views.

Figure 12-35. Sample Crew Qualification Table (Day) (M2 HB Table VIIIA).

Figure 12-36. Sample Crew Qualification Table (Night) (M2 HB Table VIIIB).

Figure 12-37. Sample Roll-up Sheet, Table VIII (M2 HB).

Figure 12-38. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllA, Task 1 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-39. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllA, Task 2 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-40. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllA, Task 3 (Defense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-41. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllA, Task 4 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-42. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllB, Task 1 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-43. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllB, Task 2 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-44. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllB, Task 3 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Figure 12-45. Sample Scoresheet--Table VIllB, Task 4 (Offense) (M2 HB).

Chapter 12 Part 2