GLOSSARY
AARTY Army artillery
ADAM artillery-delivered antipersonnel mine
- aiming
- a marksmanship fundamental; refers to the precise alignment of the rifle sights with the target
ALICE all-purpose lightweight individual carrying equipment
AM amplitude modulation
- antenna
- a device used to radiate or receive electromagnetic energy (usually RF)
- antijamming
- a device, method, or system used to reduce or eliminate the effects of jamming
AP antipersonnel
APFT Army Physical Fitness Test
APICM antipersonnel improved conventional munition
- armorer
- one who services and makes repairs on small arms and performs similar duties to keep small arms ready for use
ARNG Army National Guard
ART auto-ranging telescope
ARTEP Army Training and Evaluation Program
AVLB armored vehicle launched bridge
AWADS adverse weather aerial delivery system
- ball
- the projectile; the bullet
- ballistics
- a science that deals with the motion and flight characteristics of projectiles
BDU battle dress uniform
BMNT beginning morning nautical twilight
- breath control
- a marksmanship fundamental; refers to the control of breathing to help keep the rifle steady during firing
- bullet drop
- how far the bullet drops from the line of departure to the point of impact
- bull's-eye target
- any target with a round black circle and scoring rings Normally used in competitive marksmanship training
- butt plate
- metal or rubber covering of the end of the stock on the rifle
CALFEX combined arms live-fire exercise
- cartridge
- a complete round of ammunition
CAS close air support
CLGP cannon-launched guided projectile
CLP cleaner, lubricant, preservative
cm centimeter
CMF career management field
- counterpoise
- a conductor or system of conductors used as a substitute for a ground in an antenna system
CP concrete-piercing
CQ charge of quarters
- crack and thump
- a method to determine the general direction and distance to an enemy firer who is shooting at you
- cradle
- a vise-like mechanism that holds a weapon in a secured position during test firing
- CS
- a chemical agent (tear gas)
CW continuous wave
dia diameter
- dipole
- a radio antenna consisting of two horizontal rods in line with each other with their ends slightly separated
DPICM dual-purpose improved conventional munition
DIG date-time group
DZ drop zone
E&E evasion and escape
ECM electronic countermeasures
EDGE emergency deployment readiness exercise
EEL essential elements of information
EVENT end of evening nautical twilight
- effective wind
- the average of all the varying winds encountered
- electromagnetic wave
- a wave propagating as a periodic disturbance of the electromagnetic field and having a frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum
- elevation adjustment
- rotating the front sight post to cause the bullet to strike the higher or lower on the target
EMP electromagnetic pulse
EPW enemy prisoner of war
ERP end-route rally point
- eye relief
- the distance from the firing eye to the rear sight; eye relief is a function of stock weld
F Fahrenheit
FDC fire direction center
FFL final firing line
FFP final firing position
FLOT forward line of own troops
FM frequency modulated
FO forward observer
fps feet per second
FRAGO fragmentary order
freq frequency
FSK frequency-shift keying
ft feet
FTX field training exercise
- ground
- a metallic connection with the earth to establish ground (or earth) potential
HAHO high altitude, high opening
- half-wave antenna
- an antenna whose electrical length is half the wavelength of the transmitted or received frequency
HALO high altitude, low opening
HC hydrogen chloride
HE high explosive
HF high frequency
hrs hours
Hz hertz
IAW in accordance with
ID identification
illum illumination
in inches
- insulator
- a device or material that has a high electrical resistance
- interference
- any undesired signal that tends to interfere with the desired signal
IRP initial rally point
- jamming
- deliberate interference intended to prevent reception of signals in a specific frequency band
KIM keep-in-memory (exercise game)
laser light amplification by simulated emission of radiation
LBE loading-bearing equipment
LFX live-fire exercise
- line of departure
- the line defined by the bore of the rifle or the path the bullet would take without gravity
- line of sight
- a straight line from the eye through the aiming device to the point of aim
L/R left/right
LR laser range finder
LSA lubricating oil, weapons, semifluid
LZ landing zone
m meters
MEDEVAC medical evacuation
METT-T mission, enemy, terrain, troops and time available
MHz megahertz
- midrange trajectory/maximum ordinate
- the highest point the bullet reaches on its way to the target this point must be known to engage a target that requires firing underneath an overhead obstacle, such as a bridge or a tree; inattention to midrange trajectory may cause the sniper to hit the obstacle instead of the target
MIJI meaconing, intrusion, jamming, and interference
MILES multiple-integrated laser engagement system
min minute(s)
mm millimeter
- MOA
- an angle that would cover 1 inch at a distance of 100 yards, 2 inches at 200 yards, and so on; each click of sight adjustment is equal to one minute of angle
MOPP mission-oriented protection posture
MOUT military operations on urbanized terrain
mph miles per hour
MRE meal, ready-to-eat
MTP mission training plan
- muzzle velocity
- the speed of the bullet as it leaves the rifle barrel, measured in feet per second; it varies according to various factors, such as ammunition type and lot number, temperature, and humidity
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NBC nuclear, biological, chemical
NCO noncommissioned officer
NGF naval gunfire
NOD night observation device
NSN national stock number
OIR other intelligence requirements
OP observation post
OPORD operation order
OPSEC operations security
- optical sight
- sight with lenses, prisms, or mirrors used in lieu of iron sights
ORP objective rally point
O-T observer-target
PD point-detonating
PFC private first class
PIR priority intelligence requirements
POC point of contact
- point of aim
- the exact spot on a target the rifle sights are aligned with
- point of impact
- the point that a bullet strikes; usually considered in relation to point of aim
PSG platoon sergeant
PT physical training
PW prisoner of war
PZ pickup zone
QRF quick-reaction force
- quarter-wave antenna
- an antenna with an electrical length that is equal to one-quarter wavelength of the signal being transmitted or received
RAAMS remote antiarmor mine system
- range card
- small chart on which ranges and directions to various targets and other important points in the area under fire are recorded
RAP rocket-assisted projectile
RBC rifle bore cleaner
- recoil
- the rearward motion or kick of a gun upon firing
RECONREP reconnaissance report
- retained velocity
- the speed of the bullet when it reaches the target; due to drag, the velocity will be reduced
RF radio frequency
RFA restrictive fire area
RFL restrictive fire line
- round
- may refer to a complete cartridge or to the bullet
RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition
S1 adjutant
S2 intelligence officer
S3 operations and training officer
S4 supply officer
SALUTE size, activity, location, unit, time, and equipment
SAW squad automatic weapon
SEO sniper employment officer
- servomechanism
- an automatic device for controlling large amounts of power by using small amounts of power
SFC sergeant first class
SGT sergeant
SHELREP shelling report
- shot group
- a number of shots fired using the same aiming point which accounts for rifle, ammunition, and firer varibility three shots are enough, but any number of rounds may be fired in a group
- sight alignment
- placing the center tip of the front sight post in the exact center of the rear aperature
- silhouette target
- a target that represents the outline of a man
- single sideband
- a system of radio communications in which the carrier and either the upper or lower sideband is removed from AM transmission to reduce the channel width and improve the signal-to-noise ratio
SIR specific information requirements
SITREP situation report
SM smoke munitions
SOI signal operation instructions
SOP standing operating procedure
SP self-propelled
SPC specialist
SPIES special patrol insertion/extraction system
SPOTREP spot report
SSB single sideband
- STABO
- a system for extracting personnel by helicopter
STANAG Standardization Agreement
static
- sharp, short bursts of noise on a radio receiver caused by electrical disturbances in the atmosphere or by electrical machinery
- steady position
- the first marksmanship fundamental, which refers to the establishment of a position that allows the weapon to be held still while it is being fire
- stock weld
- the contact of the cheek with the stock of the weapon
STRAC standards in training commission
STX situational training exercise
- supported position
- any position that uses something other than the body to steady the weapon (artificial support)
SWS sniper weapon system
TAB tactical air command
TFFP tentative final firing position
- time of flight
- the amount of time it takes for the bullet to reach the target from the time the round exits the rifle
TOC tactical operations center
TOW tube-launched, optically tracked wire-guided (missile)
- trajectory
- the path of the bullet as it travels to the target
TRC training readiness condition
TRP target reference point
- unidirectional
- in one direction only
- unsupported position
- any position that requires the firer to hold the weapon steady using only his body (bone support)
USAF United States Air Force
USAR United States Army Reserve
USC United States Code
USMC United States Marine Corp
USN United States Navy
VHF very high frequency
VT variable time
- wavelength
- the distance a wave travels during one complete cycle; it is equal to the velocity divided by the frequency
- windage adjustment
- moving the rear sight aperture to cause the bullet to strike left or right on the target
WP white phosphorus
- zeroing
- adjusting the rifle sights so bullets hit the aiming point at a given range